Pour the bread flour into a bowl and add the salt and yeast on opposite sides of the bowl. Stir each one in, making sure to keep them separate.
Add the vanilla extract and the warm water and begin mixing to form a dough. If it looks a little dry, add more water. If the dough looks a little wet, add more flour. Keep in mind that you want a dry dough here, with some flour still at the bottom of the bowl.
Turn the dough onto an unfloured surface and knead for 5-10 minutes to bring it together. The dough should be very smooth and elastic.
Cube the butter and divide into three equal parts.
Pat the dough into a circle, scatter ⅓ of the butter over the dough, and knead for a few minutes until all the butter is incorporated. Repeat with the second part, and then the third part. The dough will gradually become more sticky and buttery, so use a bench scraper if needed to fold the dough over itself.
Gradually knead in some of the extra 3 cups of flour, using the bench scraper if needed. You may not need all the flour; you just want the dough to be not super sticky to the touch, but still soft and flexible.
Place the dough in a floured bowl and sprinkle more flour on top. Cover with a clean tea towel and let it prove in a warm place until doubled in size, about 45 minutes.